Academic freedom at the University of Stockholm     

E. S.  Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå  Mats Knutson  Jacob Sundberg  Anki Gundhäll  Professor Lars Gustafsson  Alan Dershowitz  Svante Nycander  Bengt Johansson  Magnus Eriksson  Lotta Gustavson  Marianne Gunnarsson  Kristina Vallström  Monique Wadsted  Mary Ann Glendon  Professor Gerhard Radnitzky  Jescheck  Anders Victorin  Johan åsard  Lars Isaksson 《Minerva》1991,29(3):321-385

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THE LEGAL CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION STRUCTURES     

Johan L. Vanderhoeven  Jan de Groof 《Higher Education in Europe》1994,19(4):60-68

In focussing on the legal basis for the diversification of higher education, the authors argue that the main focus when analyzing education laws for diversity or coherence should be on maintaining the proper balance between the rights of individuals and the needs of society. Thus, the fundamental role of regulation is to guarantee a flexible adaptation to changing needs. The evolution of the legal basis of Belgian, specifically Flemish, higher education, from 1970 to the present is examined from this perspective. Ways of adapting lessons learned from the Belgian experience to the realities of eastern and central Europe are proposed.  相似文献   

Dyslexia and hormone deficiences     

Ivar A. Bjørgen  Johan O. Undheim  Karen A. Nordvik  Inge Romslo 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1987,2(3):283-295

From a group of 75 children, originally selected as dyslectic on the basis of their reading and/or spelling problems relative to a total group of 1000 4.th grade children in the city of Trondheim, blood tests were obtained on 35 children. A control group of 45 children was drawn among the 1000 children. Among the 12 different hormones measured, significant differences came out on cortisol, triiodothyronine (T. 3), prolactin, and human growth hormone (HGH, somatotrophin) in boys and girls separately. A follow-up study of 22 dyslectic children from the same cohort gave results consistent with those obtained in the original study. The higher values of the dyslectic group on cortisol and prolactin may suggest the dyslectics to be in a stressful situation, possibly due to their language problems in school. The most striking difference, however, was the very low levels of HGH in the dyslectic group—to the extent that there was little overlap in the two distributions. This result was totally unexpected and is, in fact, opposite of what to be expected on the basis of at least short — time stress events. The results holds up when age and pubery development are controlled for.  相似文献   

在动态认知逻辑中融合观察与内省     

约翰·范本特姆 《中山大学学报论丛》2008,1(1)

一直以来,我们使用逻辑系统来描述数学的证明、结构的计算以及语言的意义.近年来,逻辑系统却越来越多地被用来研究理性行动者的很多方面.例如,如何接受单一的信息,多主体间的交流行为,以及更为一般的受目标驱动的主体间的互动.特别是,对观察和交流中的信息流的研究,大家使用所谓的知识更新、信念修正和偏好改变的动态认知逻辑.当新信息进来时,这些逻辑使用信息的"语义意义"作为被更新状态的选择范围.然而,同样重要的是,理性主体的行动也会基于其他信息,譬如,由推理和反省得剑的信息.对这些问题的研究实际上是对信息在更为语法的意义上进行理解的,即,把信息看作是可以由主体阐明的东西.也许有些奇怪,尽管在这一领域已经存在不少的研究方案,但是火家对什么是信息,信息的关键机制是什么等问题更少有一致的意见.可以看出,对"信息"的意义在逻辑中确实有很多不同的理解.本文基于可能世界的语义,给出一个一致的信息模型,同时也赋予可能世界语法的"可及通路".这样,我们就能把外部的"更新信息"和内部的"阐明信息"放在同一个动态逻辑系统中.特别是,我们提出了两个基本的信息行动:纯粹的基于观察的更新("单纯的看")和把不明显的知识变为明显知识的"知觉实现".我们阐明为什么这些行动是自然的,同时我们也提出了一些新的研究问题.其中,很多问题探讨如何使其他的逻辑传统,包括信念修正理论、情景语义学和弗协调逻辑等适用于信息一驱使的理性行动者的图景.  相似文献   

Mobile/sedentary     

Johan Jarlbrink 《Media History》2015,21(3):280-293

This article examines the changing journalistic norms and roles in terms of mobile and sedentary news work at the end of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The analysis draws on the research into the small everyday tools of bureaucracy and science. The focus is on the quill, the scissors and paste pot, the body of the reporter and the computer. Journalistic neutrality and truth seem at any given time to be defined in line with the practices made possible by the available tools. A change in tools makes new practices possible, meaning that the norms have to be redefined. Journalism was once synonymous with mobile reporters reporting on events they themselves witnessed. Journalism today, however, is often sedentary copy-and-paste work, much resembling the scissors-and-paste journalism of the nineteenth century. Comparison reveals that such transmission of texts and images produced by someone else always runs the risk of reproducing the voices of the elites.  相似文献   

Validation of the SenseWear Armband in different ambient temperatures     

Karen Van Hoye  Filip Boen  Johan Lefevre 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(10):1007-1018

This study examines the validity of the SenseWear Armband in different temperatures using the old (SenseWear v2.2) and newest version of the algorithm (SenseWear v5.2) against indirect calorimetry (IC). Thirty-nine male and female students (21.1 ± 1.41 years) completed an exercise trial in 19°C, 26°C and 33°C consisting of 5 min standing followed by alternating walking/running at 35% and 65% of their maximal oxygen uptake. The accuracy of the algorithms was evaluated by comparing estimated energy expenditure (EE) to IC using a mixed-model design. No difference was reported in EE between the different temperatures for IC. Both algorithms estimated EE significantly higher when exercising at high intensity in 33°C compared to 19°C. Compared to IC, SenseWear v2.2 accurately estimated EE during standing and light intensity exercise but underestimated EE when exercising in a hot environment and at high intensity. SenseWear v5.2 showed a difference when exercising at high intensity in thermoneutral and warm conditions. The new algorithm improved EE estimation in hot environments and at high intensity compared to the old version. However, given the inherent inaccuracy of the EE estimates of SenseWear, greater weight should be given to direct monitor outputs rather than the ability of a monitor to estimate EE precisely.  相似文献   

New directions for innovation studies: Missions and transformations     

Johan Schot  W. Edward Steinmueller 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1583-1584

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The Durban Holocaust Centre Educators and the Origins of their Historical and Pedagogical Knowledge     

Brenda Gouws  Johan Wassermann 《Journal of Jewish Education》2018,84(1):32-55

Education at Holocaust museums worldwide often falls to volunteer museum educators. The Durban Holocaust Centre in South Africa is no different. We set out to understand who the educators at the Durban Holocaust Centre were, where their historical and pedagogical knowledge came from, and to examine the connection between the two. The study revealed the diverse nature of the museum educators’ biographies as well as their motivations for guiding. Their knowledge acquisition was generally a blend of formal objectivist and informal constructivist methods. It emerged that the self-learning model was successful as the educators were highly professional and sufficiently motivated.  相似文献   

Is international junior success a reliable predictor for international senior success in elite combat sports?     

Pingwei Li  Veerle De Bosscher  Johan Pion  Juanita R. Weissensteiner  Jikkemien Vertonghen 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(4):550-559

Currently in the literature, there is a dearth of empirical research that confirms whether international junior success is a reliable predictor for future international senior success. Despite the uncertainty of the junior–senior relationship, federations and coaches still tend to use junior success as a predictor for long-term senior success. A range of former investigations utilising a retrospective lens has merely focused on success that athletes attained at junior level competitions. Success that was achieved at senior-level competitions but at a junior age was relatively ignored. This study explored to what extent international senior success can be predicted based on success that athletes achieved in either international junior level competitions (i.e. junior medalists) or senior competitions at a junior age (i.e. early achievers). The sample contains 4011 international male and female athletes from three combat sports (taekwondo, wrestling and boxing), who were born between 1974 and 1990 and participated in both international junior and senior-level competitions between 1990 and 2016. Gender and sport differences were compared. The results revealed that 61.4% of the junior medalists and 90.4% of the early achievers went on to win international medals at a senior age. Among the early achievers, 92.2% of the taekwondo athletes, 68.4% of the wrestling athletes and 37.9% of the boxing athletes could be reliably “predicted” to win international senior medals. The findings demonstrate that specific to the three combat sports examined, international junior success appears to be an important predictor to long-term international senior success.  相似文献